Roadway Safety

Background

Transportation has a significant effect on public health and safety, specifically collisions which are considered to be preventable. Santa Clara County has joined a nationwide effort to reduce and eventually eliminate all fatal and serious injury collisions on our roadways, while increasing safe, healthy, and equitable mobility for all users. The first step to achieving this goal is monitoring the collision rates, locations, and types.

Data Source

VTA and its Member agencies have invested in the County’s Crossroads Collision software database as a primary source for tracking and analyzing collisions. Crossroads includes data from the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) in addition to the non-serious collisions collected by the local police departments that might not be reported to the State. This provides a more comprehensive database tool for use by local transportation engineers, planners, and public health department staff.

Conditions

After an initial decrease in traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which resulted in changes in work schedule, mode choices, and travel patterns, traffic is now rebounding to higher levels as employees are shifting to hybrid work schedules. In general, there was a 1.4% decrease in the number of collisions between 2023 and 2024:

  • -213 (-1.4%) Total Collisions
  • -39 (-42%) Fatal Collisions
  • -311 (-5%) Injury Collisions

The following graphs show the historical Fatal and Injury Collision trends from 2020 to 2024. The following maps display “hot spots” of frequent locations by type.

This graph shows the historical injury collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 4,212 collisions - 2021: 5,883 collisions - 2022: 6,470 collisions - 2023: 5,914 collisions - 2024: 5,603 collisions

Figure 1. Historical Injury Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical fatal collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend reaching near pre-pandemic levels. The number of fatal collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 59 collisions - 2021: 85 collisions - 2022: 81 collisions - 2023: 93 collisions - 2024: 54 collisions

Figure 2. Historical Fatal Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical total collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend reaching pre-pandemic levels. The number of total collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 8,437 collisions - 2021: 13,049 collisions - 2022: 14,373 collisions - 2023: 15,103 collisions - 2024: 14,890 collisions

Figure 3. Historical Total Collisions in Santa Clara County

This figure displays a heat map of the hot spots of frequent collision locations in Santa Clara County in 2024. Locations with the highest collision density include:  - US 101 from Leavesley Rd to West 10th St in Gilroy - I-680 from Alum Rock Ave to Hwy 87 in San Jose - I-280 from Hwy 87 to Saratoga Ave in San Jose - US 101 from SR 237 to Oregon Expy in Sunnyvale, Mountain View, Palo Alto - US 101/I-880 interchange

Figure 4. 2024 All Collisions “Hot Spot” Map, Santa Clara County

(View and download the data related to the map)

This figure displays a heat map of the hot spots of frequent fatal collision locations in Santa Clara County in 2024. Locations with the highest fatal collision density include:  - I-680/Alum Rock Ave interchange - US 101 from Story Rd to E Santa Clara St - US 101/Blossom Hill Rd interchange

Figure 5. 2024 Fatal Collisions “Hot Spot” Map, Santa Clara County

(View and download the data related to the map)

The overall number of 2024 major collision types, factors, and involved parties by agencies are presented in the following table:

Table 1. 2024 Major Collision Types, Factors, and Involved Parties per Agency

Agency

Total Collisions

Fatal Collisions

Injury Collisions

Hit & Run

DUI*

Speed

Auto R/W**

Ped

Bike

Hit Object

Campbell

301

1

99

96

52

33

21

14

15

70

Cupertino

466

2

99

113

16

58

27

17

22

47

Gilroy

241

1

80

71

16

49

33

12

8

22

Los Altos

15

0

8

1

0

2

2

0

2

3

Los Altos Hills

48

1

15

5

5

14

2

0

3

26

Los Gatos

156

0

69

39

8

17

9

9

16

41

Milpitas

290

0

123

90

23

58

38

16

16

57

Monte Sereno

2

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

Morgan Hill

76

0

37

12

12

15

8

1

5

26

Mountain View

221

0

123

43

42

18

20

22

27

44

Palo Alto

72

0

44

4

6

9

15

1

15

11

San Jose

1860

7

1738

280

50

360

141

241

172

97

Santa Clara

963

1

339

370

76

182

99

36

35

123

Santa Clara County

1325

8

854

215

81

444

116

47

69

304

Saratoga

169

1

63

24

6

43

28

4

13

35

State

7568

29

1502

1614

422

4154

68

46

36

1364

Sunnyvale

1101

3

408

396

71

262

121

57

56

123

*DUI - Driving Under the Influence

**Auto R/W - vehicle's Right-Of-Way violation
        

Collision types and primary collision factors (PCF)

Every collision record identifies the type of collision and a primary collision factor. This information is used to develop counter measures and strategies to mitigate these types of collisions. The following graphs show the percentages of collision by type and primary factors or causes.

This graph shows the percentage of all collisions by type, including: - Rear-end: 36.3% - Sideswipe: 21.8% - Hit Object: 16.1% - Broadside: 13.9% - Head-On: 4.2% - Vehicle-Pedestrian: 2.9% - Other: 2% - Overturned: 1.4% - Not Stated: 1.4%

Figure 6. 2024 All Collision – Collision Types

This graph shows the percentage of all collisions by primary collision factor, including: - Unsafe Speed: 38.4% - Improper Turning: 18.8% - Unknown: 7.1% - Unsafe Lane Change: 6.3% - Other: 6% - DUI: 5.9% - Auto Right-of-Way Violation: 5% - Traffic Signals and Signs: 4.7% - Unsafe Starting or Backing: 2.0% - Hazardous Movement: 1.6% - Wrong Side of Road: 1.4% - Following Too Closely: 1.2% - Pedestrian Violation: 0.6% - Pedestrian Right-of-Way Violation: 0.6% - Improper Passing: 0.3%

Figure 7. 2024 All Collision – Primary Collision Factor (PCF)

Pedestrian and Bicycle Involved Collisions 

In 2024, there were 1,034 collisions involving bicyclists and pedestrians out of a total of 14,890 reported collisions in Santa Clara County. The number of bicycle and pedestrian collisions increased by 7 or nearly 1% in 2024 compared to 2023 data:

  • +7 (+0.7%) Total Collisions
  • -7 (-22%) Fatal Collisions
  • +163 (+21%) Injury Collisions

The following graphs show the historical Fatal, Injury, and Total bicycle and pedestrian involved collision trends from 2020 to 2024.

This graph shows the historical injury bike/ped collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 577collisions - 2021: 797 collisions - 2022: 903 collisions - 2023: 773 collisions - 2024: 936 collisions

Figure 8. Historical Injury Bike/Ped Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical fatal bike/ped collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 16 collisions - 2021: 26 collisions - 2022: 30 collisions - 2023: 32 collisions - 2024: 25 collisions

Figure 9. Historical Fatal Bike/Ped Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical total bike/ped collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend reaching pre-pandemic levels. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 612 collisions - 2021: 865 collisions - 2022: 999 collisions - 2023: 1,027 collisions - 2024: 1,034 collisions

Figure 10. Historical Total Bike/Ped Collisions in Santa Clara County

The following graphs show the percentages of bicycle and pedestrian involved collisions by type and primary factors or causes.

This graph shows the percentage of all bike/pedestrian involved collisions by type in 2024, including: - Vehicle-pedestrian: 40.3% - Broadside: 25.1% - Other: 9.6% - Sideswipe: 9.4% - Head-on: 7.6% - Rear-end: 4.2% - Not stated: 3.2% - Hit object: 0.4% - Overturned: 0.2%

Figure 11. 2024 Bike/Ped Collision – Collision Types

This graph shows the percentage of all bike/pedestrian involved collisions by primary collision factor in 2024, including: - Unknown: 22.1% - Improper turning: 13.3% - Auto right-of-way violation: 9.3% - Hazardous movement: 9.2% - Pedestrian violation: 8.0% - Pedestrian right-of-way violation: 7.9% - Unsafe speed: 7.6% - Other: 6.1% - Wrong side of road: 6.1% - Traffic signals and signs: 5.5% - Unsafe starting or backing: 2.4% - Improper passing: 0.7% - Unsafe lane change: 0.6% - DUI: 0.5% - Following too c

Figure 12. 2024 Bike/Ped Collision – Primary Collision Factors (PCF)

This pie chart shows the degree of injury in all 2024 bike/pedestrian involved collisions, including: - Other visible injury: 474 - Complaint of pain: 334 - Severe injury: 119 - Property damage only: 66 - Fatal: 25

Figure 13. 2024 Bike/Ped Collision – Degree of Injury

Frequent Collision Locations Involving Bicyclists and Pedestrians

Monitoring and tracking locations of collisions year over year is a good performance metric for evaluating the effectiveness of collision reduction projects and strategies. The hotspot map below shows the location of bicycles and pedestrian collisions in 2024.

This figure displays a heat map of the hot spots of frequent bike/pedestrian involved collision locations in Santa Clara County in 2024. Locations with the highest collision density include:  - South county in Gilroy - Downtown San Jose - Downtown Sunnyvale near El Camino Real

Figure 14. 2024 Bike and Pedestrian Collisions “Hot Spot” Map, Santa Clara County

(View and download the data related to the map)

Acronym:

DUI: Driving Under the Influence

PCF: Primary Collision Factor

RW: Right-Of-Way

Sources:

The Countywide Crossroads Collision Database, maintained by Santa Clara County’s Roads and Airports Department was used to generate the collision data for this section. The data includes reports from the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System and local agency police departments. The collision maps were generated using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. 

Background

Transportation has a significant effect on public health and safety, specifically collisions which are considered to be preventable. Santa Clara County has joined a nationwide effort to reduce and eventually eliminate all fatal and serious injury collisions on our roadways, while increasing safe, healthy, and equitable mobility for all users. The first step to achieving this goal is monitoring the collision rates, locations, and types.

Data Source

VTA and its Member agencies have invested in the County’s Crossroads Collision software database as a primary source for tracking and analyzing collisions. Crossroads includes data from the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) in addition to the non-serious collisions collected by the local police departments that might not be reported to the State. This provides a more comprehensive database tool for use by local transportation engineers, planners, and public health department staff.

Conditions

After an initial decrease in traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which resulted in changes in work schedule, mode choices, and travel patterns, traffic is now rebounding to higher levels as employees are shifting to hybrid work schedules. In general, there was a 1.4% decrease in the number of collisions between 2023 and 2024:

  • -213 (-1.4%) Total Collisions
  • -39 (-42%) Fatal Collisions
  • -311 (-5%) Injury Collisions

The following graphs show the historical Fatal and Injury Collision trends from 2020 to 2024. The following maps display “hot spots” of frequent locations by type.

This graph shows the historical injury collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 4,212 collisions - 2021: 5,883 collisions - 2022: 6,470 collisions - 2023: 5,914 collisions - 2024: 5,603 collisions

Figure 1. Historical Injury Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical fatal collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend reaching near pre-pandemic levels. The number of fatal collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 59 collisions - 2021: 85 collisions - 2022: 81 collisions - 2023: 93 collisions - 2024: 54 collisions

Figure 2. Historical Fatal Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical total collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend reaching pre-pandemic levels. The number of total collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 8,437 collisions - 2021: 13,049 collisions - 2022: 14,373 collisions - 2023: 15,103 collisions - 2024: 14,890 collisions

Figure 3. Historical Total Collisions in Santa Clara County

This figure displays a heat map of the hot spots of frequent collision locations in Santa Clara County in 2024. Locations with the highest collision density include:  - US 101 from Leavesley Rd to West 10th St in Gilroy - I-680 from Alum Rock Ave to Hwy 87 in San Jose - I-280 from Hwy 87 to Saratoga Ave in San Jose - US 101 from SR 237 to Oregon Expy in Sunnyvale, Mountain View, Palo Alto - US 101/I-880 interchange

Figure 4. 2024 All Collisions “Hot Spot” Map, Santa Clara County

(View and download the data related to the map)

This figure displays a heat map of the hot spots of frequent fatal collision locations in Santa Clara County in 2024. Locations with the highest fatal collision density include:  - I-680/Alum Rock Ave interchange - US 101 from Story Rd to E Santa Clara St - US 101/Blossom Hill Rd interchange

Figure 5. 2024 Fatal Collisions “Hot Spot” Map, Santa Clara County

(View and download the data related to the map)

The overall number of 2024 major collision types, factors, and involved parties by agencies are presented in the following table:

Table 1. 2024 Major Collision Types, Factors, and Involved Parties per Agency

Agency

Total Collisions

Fatal Collisions

Injury Collisions

Hit & Run

DUI*

Speed

Auto R/W**

Ped

Bike

Hit Object

Campbell

301

1

99

96

52

33

21

14

15

70

Cupertino

466

2

99

113

16

58

27

17

22

47

Gilroy

241

1

80

71

16

49

33

12

8

22

Los Altos

15

0

8

1

0

2

2

0

2

3

Los Altos Hills

48

1

15

5

5

14

2

0

3

26

Los Gatos

156

0

69

39

8

17

9

9

16

41

Milpitas

290

0

123

90

23

58

38

16

16

57

Monte Sereno

2

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

Morgan Hill

76

0

37

12

12

15

8

1

5

26

Mountain View

221

0

123

43

42

18

20

22

27

44

Palo Alto

72

0

44

4

6

9

15

1

15

11

San Jose

1860

7

1738

280

50

360

141

241

172

97

Santa Clara

963

1

339

370

76

182

99

36

35

123

Santa Clara County

1325

8

854

215

81

444

116

47

69

304

Saratoga

169

1

63

24

6

43

28

4

13

35

State

7568

29

1502

1614

422

4154

68

46

36

1364

Sunnyvale

1101

3

408

396

71

262

121

57

56

123

*DUI - Driving Under the Influence

**Auto R/W - vehicle's Right-Of-Way violation
        

Collision types and primary collision factors (PCF)

Every collision record identifies the type of collision and a primary collision factor. This information is used to develop counter measures and strategies to mitigate these types of collisions. The following graphs show the percentages of collision by type and primary factors or causes.

This graph shows the percentage of all collisions by type, including: - Rear-end: 36.3% - Sideswipe: 21.8% - Hit Object: 16.1% - Broadside: 13.9% - Head-On: 4.2% - Vehicle-Pedestrian: 2.9% - Other: 2% - Overturned: 1.4% - Not Stated: 1.4%

Figure 6. 2024 All Collision – Collision Types

This graph shows the percentage of all collisions by primary collision factor, including: - Unsafe Speed: 38.4% - Improper Turning: 18.8% - Unknown: 7.1% - Unsafe Lane Change: 6.3% - Other: 6% - DUI: 5.9% - Auto Right-of-Way Violation: 5% - Traffic Signals and Signs: 4.7% - Unsafe Starting or Backing: 2.0% - Hazardous Movement: 1.6% - Wrong Side of Road: 1.4% - Following Too Closely: 1.2% - Pedestrian Violation: 0.6% - Pedestrian Right-of-Way Violation: 0.6% - Improper Passing: 0.3%

Figure 7. 2024 All Collision – Primary Collision Factor (PCF)

Pedestrian and Bicycle Involved Collisions 

In 2024, there were 1,034 collisions involving bicyclists and pedestrians out of a total of 14,890 reported collisions in Santa Clara County. The number of bicycle and pedestrian collisions increased by 7 or nearly 1% in 2024 compared to 2023 data:

  • +7 (+0.7%) Total Collisions
  • -7 (-22%) Fatal Collisions
  • +163 (+21%) Injury Collisions

The following graphs show the historical Fatal, Injury, and Total bicycle and pedestrian involved collision trends from 2020 to 2024.

This graph shows the historical injury bike/ped collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 577collisions - 2021: 797 collisions - 2022: 903 collisions - 2023: 773 collisions - 2024: 936 collisions

Figure 8. Historical Injury Bike/Ped Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical fatal bike/ped collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 16 collisions - 2021: 26 collisions - 2022: 30 collisions - 2023: 32 collisions - 2024: 25 collisions

Figure 9. Historical Fatal Bike/Ped Collisions in Santa Clara County

This graph shows the historical total bike/ped collisions in Santa Clara County from 2020 to 2024. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the number of these collisions showed an increasing trend reaching pre-pandemic levels. The number of injury collisions in the last 5 years are as follows: - 2020: 612 collisions - 2021: 865 collisions - 2022: 999 collisions - 2023: 1,027 collisions - 2024: 1,034 collisions

Figure 10. Historical Total Bike/Ped Collisions in Santa Clara County

The following graphs show the percentages of bicycle and pedestrian involved collisions by type and primary factors or causes.

This graph shows the percentage of all bike/pedestrian involved collisions by type in 2024, including: - Vehicle-pedestrian: 40.3% - Broadside: 25.1% - Other: 9.6% - Sideswipe: 9.4% - Head-on: 7.6% - Rear-end: 4.2% - Not stated: 3.2% - Hit object: 0.4% - Overturned: 0.2%

Figure 11. 2024 Bike/Ped Collision – Collision Types

This graph shows the percentage of all bike/pedestrian involved collisions by primary collision factor in 2024, including: - Unknown: 22.1% - Improper turning: 13.3% - Auto right-of-way violation: 9.3% - Hazardous movement: 9.2% - Pedestrian violation: 8.0% - Pedestrian right-of-way violation: 7.9% - Unsafe speed: 7.6% - Other: 6.1% - Wrong side of road: 6.1% - Traffic signals and signs: 5.5% - Unsafe starting or backing: 2.4% - Improper passing: 0.7% - Unsafe lane change: 0.6% - DUI: 0.5% - Following too c

Figure 12. 2024 Bike/Ped Collision – Primary Collision Factors (PCF)

This pie chart shows the degree of injury in all 2024 bike/pedestrian involved collisions, including: - Other visible injury: 474 - Complaint of pain: 334 - Severe injury: 119 - Property damage only: 66 - Fatal: 25

Figure 13. 2024 Bike/Ped Collision – Degree of Injury

Frequent Collision Locations Involving Bicyclists and Pedestrians

Monitoring and tracking locations of collisions year over year is a good performance metric for evaluating the effectiveness of collision reduction projects and strategies. The hotspot map below shows the location of bicycles and pedestrian collisions in 2024.

This figure displays a heat map of the hot spots of frequent bike/pedestrian involved collision locations in Santa Clara County in 2024. Locations with the highest collision density include:  - South county in Gilroy - Downtown San Jose - Downtown Sunnyvale near El Camino Real

Figure 14. 2024 Bike and Pedestrian Collisions “Hot Spot” Map, Santa Clara County

(View and download the data related to the map)

Acronym:

DUI: Driving Under the Influence

PCF: Primary Collision Factor

RW: Right-Of-Way

Sources:

The Countywide Crossroads Collision Database, maintained by Santa Clara County’s Roads and Airports Department was used to generate the collision data for this section. The data includes reports from the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System and local agency police departments. The collision maps were generated using Esri ArcGIS Pro software.